EFEKTIFITAS MODEL EDUKASI PRAKTIK PENGASUHAN TERHADAP OPTIMALISASI TUMBUH KEMBANG BALITA
Main Article Content
Abstract
In Indonesia, there are still many children who are cared for inappropriately, such as neglect and violence against children, toddlers receive inappropriate care (3.69%), and toddlers experience developmental disorders (16%), both fine and gross motor development, hearing and intelligence loss, and speech delay. The child's condition cannot grow and develop optimally. The research aims to analyze the influence of the parenting practice educational model on the knowledge and growth of children under five. The educational model implemented is the result of previous survey research, so it is more appropriate to conditions in the field. This research used a pre-experimental design in Bogor City on June-August 2023 with 40 respondents. Sample criteria are mothers who have children aged 12-60 months. There were 20 people in each intervention and control group. The intervention was given seven times face to face for seven weeks. The independent variable is the educational model of caring for mothers, and the dependent variable is knowledge of caring for mothers, growth, and toddlers. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that there was difference in the median post-test score between the intervention and control groups in the growth variables of 5.5 points (p0.003<0.05), development of 6 points (p0.005<0.05), and knowledge of parenting practices of 10 points (p0.006 < 0.05). These data show a significant influence between the model of implementing parenting education on growth and toddlers and parenting knowledge. More education needs to be done on parenting using various media to improve the growth and development of toddlers.
Article Details
References
E. Sunarti, Bunga Rampai dari yang Terserak. Bogor: IPB Press, 2021.
E. Sunarti, Ketahanan Keluarga Indonesia: dari Kebijakan dan Penelitian menuju Tindakan (Orasi Ilmiah Guru Besar IPB). Bogor: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University), 2015.
R. Megawangi, Kelekatan Ibu-Anak “Kunci Membangun Bangsa.” Depok: Indonesia Herritage Foundation, 2015.
Y. E. Riany, H. Fauziah, and D. K. Putri, Indeks Perlindungan Anak Indonesia. Jakarta: Kemen PPPA_RI, 2022.
Kemenkes RI, Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2013, no. 03 1. Jakarta, 2015.
Y. E. Riany, B. M. K. Dewi, and S. E. Raisa, Profil Anak Indonesia Tahun 2022. Jakarta: Kemen PPPA, 2022.
Kemenkes, “Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022,” Kemenkes, pp. 1–7, 2023.
DP3A Kota Bogor, “Profil Anak Kota Bogor Tahun 2022,” pp. 1–108, 2022.
Dinkes Kota Bogor, Profil Kesehatan Tahun 2020. Bogor: Dinkes Kota Bogor, 2021.
R. Sari, S. Astuti, M. Sari, and R. Syari, Profil Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak 2022, vol. 72, no. 4. 2017. doi: 10.3139/105.017045.
Unicef Indonesia, “Laporan Tahunan Indonesia 2022,” Jakarta, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/media/17226/file/Laporan Tahunan UNICEF Indonesia 2022 - Single page.pdf
C. R. Titaley, I. Ariawan, D. Hapsari, A. Muasyaroh, and M. J. Dibley, “Determinants of the Stunting of Children Under Two Years Old in Indonesia: A Multilevel Analysis of the 2013 Indonesia Basic Health Survey,” Nutrients, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 1106, May 2019, doi: 10.3390/nu11051106.
L. Rahayuwati et al., “Analysis of factors affecting the prevalence of stunting on children under five years,” J Biosci, vol. 14, no. December, pp. 6565–6575, 2020.
A. Mengesha, S. Hailu, M. Birhane, and M. M. Belay, “The prevalence of stunting and associated factors among children under five years of age in southern ethiopia: Community based cross-sectional study,” Ann. Glob. Heal., vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2021, doi: 10.5334/aogh.3432.
E. Feutl-Kent, “Why Tackling Malnutrition Matters for Women’s Empowerment - 1,000 Days,” the Global Nutrition Report, 2021. https://globalnutritionreport.org/blog/why-tackling-malnutrition-matters-womens-empowerment/
V. Uwiringiyimana, M. C. Ocké, S. Amer, and A. Veldkamp, “Predictors of stunting with particular focus on complementary feeding practices: A cross-sectional study in the northern province of Rwanda,” Nutrition, vol. 60, pp. 11–18, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.07.016.
J. B. Mason et al., “The first 500 days of life: policies to support maternal nutrition,” Glob. Health Action, vol. 34, no. 4, p. 23623, 2014, doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.23623.
F. Ashri Nurfurqoni, F. Djamilus, and M. Astuti, “The Effectiveness of Education Through ‘Pregnant Mother Family Class’ on the Selection of Birth Attendants,” J. Heal. Med. Sci., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 38–47, 2023, doi: 10.31014/aior.1994.06.02.267.
F. A. Nurfurqoni, S. Nuryati, and D. Fitria, “Effectiveness of flyer stimulation to mother skills in stimulating toddler development,” J. Kesehat. Ibu dan Anak, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 28–35, Jul. 2019, doi: 10.29238/kia.v1212.161.
S. Nuryati and F. A. Nurfurqoni, “Effectiveness Of Health Education By Educational Fan Media Toward The Implementation Of Postpartum Culture In Bogor,” J. Ilm. Kebidanan Imelda, vol. 7, no. 3, 2021.
S. Wahyuni et al., “Edukasi Perawatan Kehamilan Melalui Media Online (Whatsapp Group) Di Masa Pandemic Covid -19,” SELAPARANG J. Pengabdi. Masy. Berkemajuan, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 637–643, 2022.
S. Notoatmodjo, Pendidikan dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2012.
World Health Organization, Nurturing care for early childhood development: a framework for helping children survive and thrive to transform health and human potential. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/272603
R. Kemensesneg, “UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak,” UU Perlindungan Anak, p. 48, 2014.
et al Pakpahan, Promosi Kesehatan dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Yayasan Kita Menulis, 2021.
I. St. James-Roberts, M. Alvarez, E. Csipke, T. Abramsky, J. Goodwin, and E. Sorgenfrei, “Infant crying and sleeping in London, Copenhagen and when parents adopt a ‘proximal’ form of care,” Pediatrics, vol. 117, no. 6, 2006, doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-2387.
A. Winstanley and M. Gattis, “The Baby Care Questionnaire: A measure of parenting principles and practices during infancy,” Infant Behav. Dev., vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 762–775, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2013.08.004.
Kemenkes RI, Pedoman Pelaksanaan SDIDTK di Tingkat Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar, no. March. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI Direktorat Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat Direktorat Gizi Masyarakat, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://siakpel.kemkes.go.id/upload/akreditasi_kurikulum/kurikulum-1-35383539-3132-4532-b739-383433343231.pdf
Y. D. Setyowati, D. Krisnatuti, and D. Hastuti, “Pengaruh Kesiapan Menjadi Orang Tua Dan Pola Asuh Psikososial Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Anak,” J. Ilmu Kel. Konsum., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 95–106, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.24156/JIKK.2017.10.2.95.
D. E. Papalia, S. W. Olds, and R. D. Feldman, Human Development. New York: Mc-Graw Hill, 2005.
I. Nabilah, D. Hastuti, and M. Lathifah, “Pengetahuan Pengasuhan, Maternal Self-Efficacy, Praktik Pengasuhan, Riwayat Kelahiran dan Perkembangan Motorik Anak Usia Baduta (1-2 Tahun),” IPB University, 2021.
S. N. Panyura, H. Hamdiyah, S. Syahriani, and R. D. A. Akib, “Pengaruh Pengetahuan Orang Tua Tentang Stimulasi Tumbuh Kembang Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Di Tk Aisyiyah,” J. Ris. Kesehat. Poltekkes Depkes Bandung, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 334–339, 2022, doi: 10.34011/juriskesbdg.v14i2.2114.
J. Belsky, “Exploring Individual Differences in Marital Change across the Transition to Parenthood: The Role of Violated Expectations,” J. Marriage Fam., vol. 47, no. 4, p. 1037, 1985, doi: 10.2307/352348.
S. Cohen, “Psychosocial models of the role of social support in the etiology of physical disease.,” Health Psychol., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 269–297, 1988, doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.7.3.269.
K. A. Crnic, M. T. Greenberg, A. S. Ragozin, N. M. Robinson, and R. B. Basham, “Effects of stress and social support on mothers and premature and full-term infants.,” Child Dev., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 209–217, 1983, doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00350.x.
M. C. Logsdon and W. M. Usui, “The postpartum support questionnaire: Psychometric Properties in Adolescents,” J. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Nurs., vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 145–156, 2006, doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2006.00062.x.
V. U. Cahyani, E. Yunitasari, R. Indarwati, and F. Keperawatan, “Social Support as the Main Factor in Providing Specific Nutrition Interventions for Children Aged 6-24 Months with Stunting Events based on Transcultural Nursing,” Pediomaternal Nurs. J., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 77–88, 2019.
J. Milgrom, Y. Hirshler, J. Reece, C. H. Charlene, and A. W. Gemmill Alan, “Social Support—A Protective Factor for Depressed Perinatal Women?,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 16, no. 8, p. 1426, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.3390/IJERPH16081426.
R. E. Drysdale, W. Slemming, T. Makusha, and L. M. Richter, “Father involvement, maternal depression and child nutritional outcomes in Soweto, South Africa,” Matern. Child Nutr., vol. 17, no. S1, p. e13177, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1111/MCN.13177.