THE ROLE OF SLEEP IN INFANT AND EARLY CHILDHOOD COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: A SCOPING REVIEW
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Abstract
Tidur adalah periode terjadinya perubahan aktivitas otak, berkurangnya aktivitas sensorik dan daya tanggap terhadap rangsangan eksternal. Penelitian telah membuktikan banyaknya manfaat tidur bayi dan balita terhadap perkembangan kognitif serta dampaknya pada anak usia sekolah. Bayi yang memiliki pengaturan tidur yang baik diyakini memberikan dampak positif pada kemampuan kognitif. Sebaliknya, gangguan tidur pada masa kanak-kanak berhubungan dengan volume otak yang lebih kecil. Bukti dalam 20 tahun terakhir menunjukkan bahwa tidur sangat penting untuk perkembangan sistem sensorik pada janin dan bayi, menjaga plastisitas otak, penciptaan memori dan pembelajaran jangka Panjang. Oleh karena itu, scoping review ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bukti yang tersedia tentang peran tidur pada bayi dan balita terhadap perkembangan kognitifnya. Pencarian sistematis dilakukan di PubMED, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, The Lancet, dan Oxford Academic Journal dengan menggunakan istilah dan kata kunci yang telah ditentukan. Artikel yang dijadikan rujukan adalah artikel yang publish pada 10 tahun terakhir, berbahasa inggris, merupakan artikel penelitian, dan dapat diakses, sedangkan artikel yang berupa buku, tesis, surat, review dikecualikan. Dari hasil seleksi diperoleh total akhir 7 artikel untuk di review. Hasilnya, tidur memiliki banyak manfaat bagi perkembangan kognitif bayi dan balita yakni mereka dengan tidur yang cukup memiliki kemampuan memperhatikan, memproses, dan berkomunikasi dengan lebih baik dibandingkan mereka yang tidak cukup tidur. Diperlukan adanya penelitian lebih lanjut mengingat keterbatasan dari sebuah tinjauan sistematis yakni rentan terhadap bias dalam seleksi artikel dan heterogenitas statistik.
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References
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