FACTORS AFFECTING NURSE WORKLOAD IN PROVIDING NURSING CARE IN INPATIENT WARDS; A LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34011/jmp2k.v35i2.2678Keywords:
nursing care, nurses' workload, workload factorAbstract
Beban kerja perawat yang tinggi menjadi faktor penurunan kinerja unit keperawatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tinjauan pustaka berdasarkan Arksey dan O’Malley. Tujuannya adalah menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi beban kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap. Data diperoleh dari 1404 dokumen literatur Scopus (2020-2024), menggunakan kata kunci “beban kerja perawat,” dan dianalisis dengan VOSViewer. Hasil menunjukkan adanya faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal mencakup jumlah pasien yang meningkat, jam kerja panjang, kerja shift, infrastruktur tidak memadai, serta kekurangan staf, yang terkait dengan manajemen rumah sakit dan sumber daya manusia. Faktor eksternal meliputi kendala anggaran dan kebijakan kesehatan nasional yang berdampak pada rumah sakit. Beban kerja fisik terlihat dari ketidakseimbangan rasio perawat-pasien dan tugas tambahan. Beban kerja mental muncul dari perbedaan volume pekerjaan antar shift, dengan shift pagi lebih berat dibanding shift lainnya. Beban kerja sosial berkaitan dengan konflik rekan kerja di satu ruangan. Penggunaan teknologi menjadi kunci untuk mengurangi beban kerja perawat. Implikasi penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya pendekatan strategis untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan, mengoptimalkan kinerja, dan memastikan kepuasan pasien terhadap asuhan keperawatan.
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