EFFECTIVENESS OF BREADFRUIT LEAF EXTRACT IN MOUTHWASH FORMULA TO INHIBIT THE BACTERIA OF Streptococcus mutans THAT CAUSES CARIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34011/jmp2k.v36i1.2722Keywords:
aktivitas antibakteri, Artocarpus altilis, karies gigi, obat kumur herbal, Streptococcus mutansAbstract
Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan mulut yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus mutans, bakteri ini membentuk biofilm dan menghasilkan asam perusak enamel gigi. Upaya pencegahan sering dilakukan dengan menggunakan sediaan mouthwash yang mengandung bahan antibakteri. Produk mouthwash komersial umumnya mengandung bahan kimia yang dapat menyebabkan efek samping. Daun sukun diketahui mengandung senyawa bioaktif flavonoid dan tannin yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri alami alternatif bahan aktif pada sediaan mouthwash. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun sukun dan memperoleh formula sediaan mouthwash yang efektif terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Desain penelitian menggunakan true experimental dengan pretest-posttest control group desain. Metode penelitian dengan mengekstraksi daun sukun menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Formulasi sediaan mouthwash dengan variasi konsentrasi gliserin (15%, 20% dan 25%). Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak dan formula mouthwash dengan menggunakan metode paper disk. Analisis data efektivitas dilakukan menggunakan Kruskall walls dan Mann-Whitney test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak daun sukun konsentrasi 2-4% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri kategori sangat kuat dengan zona hambat terbesar 20,25-23,81 mm dan berbeda signifikan (p<0,05) dengan kontrol negatif. Formula mouthwash ekstrak daun sukun secara organoleptik berbentuk cair, berwarna hijau kekuningan, bau khas sukun dan mint, formula memiliki pH dengan rentang 5,5-7,9 sedangkan viskositas diperoleh mendekati 1cPs, pH dan viskositas ketiga formula tidak menunjukkan perbedaan antar kelompok. Efektivitas mouthwash menunjukkan kategori kuat dengan zona hambat antara 18,81±1,5 mm hingga 18,94±0,5 mm dan secara statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan antar ketiga formula (p>0,05). Ekstrak daun sukun 2% dan gliserin 15% merupakan formula mouthwash stabil dan mampu menghambat bakteri penyebab karies gigi.
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