MODELS OF NUTRITION EDUCATION INTERVENTIONS FOR ADOLESCENT LIFESTYLE CHANGES: A SCOPING REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34011/jmp2k.v35i4.3242Keywords:
negara berpenghasilan menengah ke bawah, pendidikan gizi, perubahan gaya hidup, remaja, tinjauan cakupanAbstract
Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi yang menentukan pola makan sehat dan perilaku gaya hidup sepanjang hidup. Intervensi edukasi gizi memiliki peran strategis dalam mencegah pola makan tidak sehat pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan dan mengevaluasi berbagai model intervensi pendidikan gizi yang efektif bagi remaja melalui identifikasi pola, hasil, hambatan, dan faktor pendukung yang komprehensif. Metode pada kajian ini menggunakan scoping review yang mengikuti panduan PRISM-Scr dan kerangka Arksey dan O’Malley. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada database PubMed, Science Direct, dan Scopus menggunakan kata kunci: "remaja," "gizi," "intervensi," dan "hambatan" pada bulan Maret 2025. Studi dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Hasil menunjukan bahwa dari 1.936 artikel, sebanyak 10 artikel terpilih untuk dianalisis. Artikel yang dipilih berasal dari negara berkembang dan dikategorikan ke dalam tiga pendekatan utama: intervensi berbasis digital, intervensi berbasis tradisional, dan intervensi berbasis sekolah. Masing-masing menunjukkan efektivitas yang bervariasi dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku gizi remaja. Faktor keberhasilan meliputi integrasi dalam sistem pendidikan, relevansi budaya, serta kolaborasi multisektoral. Beberapa hambatan meliputi keterbatasan durasi, pendekatan pasif, dan akses makanan sehat. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya strategi yang multikomponen dan adaptif terhadap konteks lokal.
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