Development of an iron diagnostic method using Malaka fruit based on digital imaging

Zuri Rismiarti; Mamat Rahmat; Asep Iin Nur Indra; Nurul Hakimah; Rani Nurmayanti; Nur Fadilah

doi:10.34011/jmp2k.v36i1.4045

Development of an iron diagnostic method using Malaka fruit based on digital imaging

Authors

Zuri Rismiarti Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Cimahi, Indonesia, Indonesia
Mamat Rahmat Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Cimahi, Indonesia, Indonesia
Asep Iin Nur Indra Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Cimahi, Indonesia, Indonesia
Nurul Hakimah Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang, Malang, Indonesia, Indonesia
Rani Nurmayanti Poltekkes Kemenkes Malang, Malang, Indonesia, Indonesia
Nur Fadilah Poltekkes Kemenkes Bandung, Cimahi, Indonesia, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34011/jmp2k.v36i1.4045

Keywords:

digital imaging, gallic acid, iron, malacca fruit, smartphone

Abstract

Background: Iron (Fe) is a geochemically active element that needs to be monitored because excessive levels in water can reduce water quality and pose health risks. WHO sets a safe limit of Fe in drinking water at 0.3 mg/L. This condition demands an accurate, simple, and applicable Fe detection method without complex instruments.

Objective: This study developed a digital imaging-based Fe(III) detection method using a natural reagent, malacca fruit extract, which is rich in gallic acid and forms a blue Fe-gallic acid complex.

Methods: The study design included laboratory experiments involving gallic acid extraction, optimization of the Fe(III): extract ratio, optimization of measurement time, and evaluation of linearity, precision, accuracy, LoD, LoQ, and t-test against the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method.

Results: The results showed an optimum Fe(III): extract ratio of 1:2, with reaction stability up to the 5th minute. A linear relationship was obtained in the range of 0.1–2 ppm (R² = 0.9969), with an LoD of 0.1377 ppm and a LoQ of 0.4589 ppm. The %RSD values of 2.34–3.82% indicate good precision, while the accuracy ranges from 92.76–111.2%. A t-test confirmed that the digital imaging results were not significantly different from those of UV-Vis spectrophotometry.

Conclusion: Overall, this method offers a portable, economical, and environmentally friendly analytical approach for Fe(III) detection and provides a basis for the development of digital application-based diagnostic systems using natural reagents.

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Published

2026-03-29

How to Cite

Rismiarti, Z., Rahmat, M., Indra, A. I. N., Hakimah, N., Nurmayanti, R., & Fadilah, N. (2026). Development of an iron diagnostic method using Malaka fruit based on digital imaging. Media Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 36(1), 132–144. https://doi.org/10.34011/jmp2k.v36i1.4045