BARRIERS TO HYPERTENSION THERAPY ADHERENCE: A SCOPING REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34011/jmp2k.v35i4.3318Keywords:
hambatan kepatuhan, hipertensi, kepatuhan terapi, scoping reviewAbstract
Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronik tidak menular bersifat “silent killer” tidak menunjukkan gejala yang jelas yang dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius jika tidak di terapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan hambatan yang mempengaruhi kepatuhan pasien terhadap terapi hipertensi, baik pengobatan farmakologis maupun perubahan gaya hidup, serta mengeksplorasi faktor sosial, psikologis, ekonomi, budaya, dan sistem kesehatan yang berkontribusi terhadap rendahnya kepatuhan pasien. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode cakupan berdasarkan kerangka kerja yang ditulis oleh Arksey dan O'Malley. Artikel dicari melalui data dasar Science Direct, Scopus, dan ProQuest dengan menggunakan kata kunci ("Antihipertensi" ATAU "Hipertensi") DAN ("Hambatan") DAN ("Orang Dewasa") DAN ("Terapi" ATAU "Perawatan") DAN ("Modifikasi gaya hidup"), meliputi publikasi tahun 2020 sampai dengan 2025, berbahasa Inggris dan teks lengkap. Setelah melalui tahap seleksi, diperoleh 21 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Analisis ini menunjukkan ada berbagai hambatan kepatuhan terapi yaitu faktor pasien, terapi, kondisi medis, sosial ekonomi dan sistem kesehatan. Faktor pasien kurangnya pengetahuan, literasi kesehatan rendah, dan motivasi rendah. Faktor terapi meliputi efek samping obat dan ketersediaan obat tidak konsisten. Faktor kondisi medis yaitu komorbiditas, hipertensi asimtomatik. Faktor sosial ekonomi yaitu pendapatan rendah dan pendidikan rendah. Faktor sistem kesehatan meliputi komunikasi rendah dan perawatan primer terbatas. Hambatan tersebut bersifat kompleks dan saling terkait. Meningkatkan kepatuhan membutuhkan pendekatan holistik yang mempertimbangkan aspek individu, sosial, budaya dan sistem kesehatan.
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