PERBEDAAN HASIL HITUNG BERBAGAI JENIS LEUKOSIT PADA PASIEN COVID-19 YANG ISOLASI MANDIRI DENGAN ISOLASI DI RSUD KABUPATEN MELAWI
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
COVID-19 infection causes various clinical manifestations so the treatment method is also different for each individual. Patient isolation is one of the treatments to break the chain of transmission of COVID-19. Asymptomatic to moderate symptomatic patients are usually asked to self-isolate, while those with severe and critical symptoms are isolated in hospital. Leukocyte examination is an important parameter and plays a role in determining patient follow-up. The aim of this study was to find out whether there were differences in leukocyte differential-counts in COVID-19 patients who were self-isolating and those isolated at Melawi Regional Hospital. This study had a cross-sectional design by taking data from medical records of COVID-19 patients at Melawi Regional Hospital during October 2021 to July 2022. The data taken were from 399 COVID-19 patients, consisting of 182 patients are self-isolating and 217 patients are isolating at Melawi Regional Hospital. In self-isolated patients, the average value of leukocyte count was 7.04 x 10³ cells/µL, and the leukocyte differential-counts was neutrophils 58.45%, lymphocytes 21.81%, monocytes 13.84%, eosinophils 1.52%, and basophils 4.38%. In isolated patients at Melawi Regional Hospital, the average value of leukocyte count was 9.89 x 10³ cells/µL, and the leukocyte differential-counts was neutrophils 75.09%, lymphocytes 12.97%, monocytes 8.38%, eosinophils 0.46%, and basophils 3.11%. The Mann-Whitney U test obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means there is a significant difference in the results of leukocyte counts between self-isolated patients and those isolated at Melawi Regional Hospital.
Rincian Artikel
Referensi
M. Mohamadian, H. Chiti, A. Shoghli, S. Biglari, N. Parsamanesh, and A. Esmaeilzadeh, “COVID-19: Virology, biology and novel laboratory diagnosis,” J Gene Med, vol. 23, no. 2, p. e3303, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1002/jgm.3303.
R. Ochani et al., “COVID-19 pandemic: from origins to outcomes. A comprehensive review of viral pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluation, and management,” Infez Med, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 20–36, 2021, [Online]. Available: http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/33664170
D. Cucinotta and M. Vanelli, “WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic,” Acta Biomedica, vol. 91, no. 1, pp. 157–160, 2020, doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397.
M. Pal, G. Berhanu, C. Desalegn, and V. Kandi, “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): An Update,” Cureus, vol. 12, no. 3, p. e7423, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.7759/cureus.7423.
R. K. Mohapatra, A. K. Sarangi, V. Kandi, M. Azam, R. Tiwari, and K. Dhama, “Omicron (B.1.1.529 variant of SARS-CoV-2); an emerging threat: Current global scenario,” J Med Virol, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 1780–1783, May 2022, doi: 10.1002/jmv.27561.
X. Jia et al., “Sinonasal manifestations and dynamic profile of RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients,” Ann Palliat Med, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 4174–4183, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.21037/apm-20-2493.
J. Baj et al., “COVID-19: Specific and non-specific clinical manifestations and symptoms: The current state of knowledge,” J Clin Med, vol. 9, no. 6, p. E1753, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.3390/jcm9061753.
D. J. Dries, “Coronavirus Disease 2019: From Intensive Care Unit to the Long Haul—Part 2,” Air Med J, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 298–302, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2021.03.017.
M. A. Chowdhury, N. Hossain, M. A. Kashem, M. A. Shahid, and A. Alam, “Immune response in COVID-19: A review,” J Infect Public Health, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 1619–1629, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.001.
I. K. Suyasa et al., Sehat dan Bahagia Selama Menjalani Isolasi Mandiri COVID-19. Denpasar: Baswara Press, 2021. doi: 10.53638/9786239747336.
M. Fuad, A. Oehadian, D. Prihatni, and M. Marthoenis, “Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Covid-19 Symptom-based Severity at Admission,” Althea Medical Journal, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–6, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.15850/amj.v8n1.2255.
Y. Ma, Y. Zhang, and L. Zhu, “Role of neutrophils in acute viral infection,” Immun Inflamm Dis, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1186–1196, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1002/iid3.500.
M. Lampart et al., “Clinical utility of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 in direct comparison to other respiratory infections—A prospective cohort study,” PLoS One, vol. 17, no. 5, p. e0269005, May 2022, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269005.
A. Chua, J. Nichols, J. C. Li, C. E. Flynn, and K. Facciolo, “Disseminated Tuberculosis Involving Lung, Peritoneum, and Endometrium in an Immunocompetent 17-Year-Old Patient,” Cureus, vol. 12, no. 7, p. e9081, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.7759/cureus.9081.
C.R. Niagita, V. Mardina, “Pemeriksaan Jumlah Leukosit, Laju Endap Darah Dan Bakteri Tahan Asam (BTA) Pada Pasien Penyakit Tuberculosis Paru Di RSUD Langsa,” Biological Samudra, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 6-15, 2019.
S. Selim, “Leukocyte count in COVID-19: an important consideration,” The Egyptian Journal of Bronchology, vol. 14, no. 1, p. 43, 2020, doi: 10.1186/s43168-020-00045-8.
H. Zhang et al., “Clinical and hematological characteristics of 88 patients with COVID-19,” Int J Lab Hematol, vol. 42, no. 6, pp. 780–787, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1111/ijlh.13291.
J. Wang, M. Jiang, X. Chen, and L. J. Montaner, “Cytokine storm and leukocyte changes in mild versus severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: Review of 3939 COVID-19 patients in China and emerging pathogenesis and therapy concepts,” J Leukoc Biol, vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 17–41, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1002/JLB.3COVR0520-272R.
S. Lanini et al., “COVID-19 disease - Temporal analyses of complete blood count parameters over course of illness, and relationship to patient demographics and management outcomes in survivors and non-survivors: A longitudinal descriptive cohort study,” PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 12, p. e0244129, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244129.
N. Reusch et al., “Neutrophils in COVID-19,” Front Immunol, vol. 12, p. 652470, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652470.
T. A. Khartabil, H. Russcher, A. van der Ven, and Y. B. de Rijke, “A summary of the diagnostic and prognostic value of hemocytometry markers in COVID-19 patients,” Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 415–431, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1774736.
L. Tan et al., “Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study,” Signal Transduct Target Ther, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 33, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4.
Y. Huang et al., “Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis,” Travel Med Infect Dis, vol. 36, p. 101606, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101606.
K. S. Dhinata, “Common Change of Complete Blood Count Parameters in COVID-19: a Literature Review Perubahan Umum Parameter Hitung Darah Lengkap pada COVID-19: Sebuah Tinjauan Pustaka,” Journal of Medicine and Health Common Change of Complete, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 198–207, 2021.
N. Fathi and N. Rezaei, “Lymphopenia in COVID-19: Therapeutic opportunities,” Cell Biol Int, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 1792–1797, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1002/cbin.11403.
L. Yang et al., “COVID-19: immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics,” Signal Transduct Target Ther, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 128, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00243-2.
A. Gatti, D. Radrizzani, P. Viganò, A. Mazzone, and B. Brando, “Decrease of Non-Classical and Intermediate Monocyte Subsets in Severe Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection,” Cytometry Part A, vol. 97, no. 9, pp. 887–890, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1002/cyto.a.24188.
R. Knoll, J. L. Schultze, and J. Schulte-Schrepping, “Monocytes and Macrophages in COVID-19,” Front Immunol, vol. 12, p. 720109, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720109.
X. Sun et al., “Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia,” Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, vol. 53, pp. 38–42, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.002.
S. R. Bonam, C. Chauvin, L. Levillayer, M. J. Mathew, A. Sakuntabhai, and J. Bayry, “SARS-CoV-2 Induces Cytokine Responses in Human Basophils,” Front Immunol, vol. 13, p. 838448, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838448.
G. Murdaca et al., “Basophils and mast cells in COVID-19 pathogenesis,” Cells, vol. 10, no. 10, p. 2754, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.3390/cells10102754.